Are you considering installing an electric water heater in your home? While electric water heaters have their advantages, it’s important to be aware of the potential drawbacks as well. In this blog post, we will delve into the disadvantages of electric water heaters, comparing them to alternatives such as gas and solar hot water heaters. We’ll also explore questions like the monthly cost comparison, safety concerns, lifespan, efficiency, and the impact on your electricity bill. So, grab a cup of coffee and let’s dive in!
Disadvantages of Electric Water Heaters
High Energy Consumption
Electricity bills can sometimes be as shocking as those pesky jump-scare scenes in horror movies. And let’s face it, electric water heaters can be major contributors to these shocking bills. The constant demand for electricity to heat the water can result in a dent in your wallet. So, the next time you’re enjoying a hot shower, remember that it might cost you more than just those extra minutes of singing in the bathroom.
Slow Heating
If you’re the type of person who hits the snooze button multiple times in the morning, an electric water heater might not be your best friend. While it does a decent job of getting the water warm, electric water heaters can take longer to heat up compared to their gas-powered counterparts. So, if you’re in a rush to get ready for work or an epic gaming session, you might find yourself waiting longer than you anticipated.
Limited Hot Water Supply
Picture this: you’re in the middle of a relaxing bubble bath, surrounded by lavender-scented candles, when suddenly the water starts to turn cold. Talk about ruining the moment! Electric water heaters have a limited hot water supply, which means if you tend to take long showers or have a large family, you might find yourself running out of hot water quicker than you’d like. So, enjoy those hot showers while they last!
Dependence on Electricity
Electricity is like that one friend who always seems to ghost you when you need them the most. Similarly, with an electric water heater, you’re completely dependent on a steady supply of electricity. In the event of a power outage, you can say goodbye to those warm showers and hello to a chilly awakening. So, unless you’re a fan of ice baths or pretending you’re a rugged survivalist, this can be a major downside.
Risk of Malfunctions
Just like getting a flat tire on a road trip, dealing with a malfunctioning water heater can be a major buzzkill. Electric water heaters are not exempt from technical hiccups, which can lead to frustrating issues like water leaks or a complete breakdown. Sure, you could call a professional plumber, but that’s just going to empty your pockets even further. So, get ready for the thrill of unexpected breakdowns and the joy of emergency plumber visits.
Electric water heaters may have their fair share of disadvantages, like high energy consumption, slow heating, limited hot water supply, dependence on electricity, and the risk of malfunctions. But hey, nobody’s perfect, right? Maybe one day we’ll have a water heater that can automatically pay our electricity bills, heat up water at lightning speed, and never run out of hot water. Until then, it’s all about dealing with the quirks and enjoying those hot showers while they last!
Tankless Electric Water Heaters: The Good, the Bad, and the Funny
Tankless electric water heaters might sound like the ultimate solution to all your hot water woes, but let’s dive into the nitty-gritty of these high-tech gadgets. While they do have their advantages, it’s important to be aware of the downsides before you take the plunge. So, put on your snorkel and let’s explore the not-so-sunny side of tankless electric water heaters!
Looping and Lagging: The Waiting Game Begins
Ah, the anticipation of a hot, steamy shower! With a tankless electric water heater, you can expect a brief pause between turning on the faucet and feeling the blissful warmth on your skin. It’s like waiting for your favorite TV show to load on a slow internet connection – frustrating and time-consuming. So, if you’re someone who values efficiency and doesn’t have the patience of a saint, this might not be your cup of tea.
Shocking Water Bills: The Price for Instant Hotness
Now, let’s have a good laugh at the expense of your water bill. Tankless electric water heaters may offer on-demand hot water, but they come at a cost — quite literally. These bad boys can cause your energy bill to skyrocket faster than a rocket at SpaceX. Say goodbye to those cozy nights by the fireplace—your wallet will be too busy burning up from the cost of heating water!
Will the Circuit Survive the Heat? Enter the Heavy-Duty Electrical Work
If you’re anything like me, messing around with circuits and electrical work sounds as fun as watching paint dry. Unfortunately, tankless electric water heaters require some electrical upgrades to handle the load. So, unless you have a secret love for electrical work or enjoy the company of electricians more than your own friends, this could turn into quite the shocking situation.
Size Matters: Limited Supply of Hot Water
Sure, tankless electric water heaters save space compared to their tank counterparts. But here’s the twist — they also limit your supply of hot water. So, if you enjoy marathon showers that last longer than the average sitcom episode, you might want to rethink your decision. The tankless life might leave you feeling cold and unfulfilled.
The Cold Shiver of Maintenance Costs
You know what they say — nothing lasts forever. Unfortunately, the same goes for tankless electric water heaters. Regular maintenance and occasional repairs are part of the package. Brace yourself for the chilling shiver of extra expenses. Calling a plumber might become a more frequent activity than your daily yoga routine.
Conclusion
While tankless electric water heaters offer some benefits, including being space-saving and energy-efficient, they come with their fair share of drawbacks. From the lagging warm-up times to the shocking impact on your energy bill, it’s essential to weigh these disadvantages against the convenience they provide. So, before you jump into the tankless trend, make sure you have a good sense of humor (and a savings account to match). Otherwise, you might find yourself longing for good old-fashioned hot water from a good old-fashioned tank.
Disadvantages of Gas Water Heaters
High Maintenance Costs
Gas water heaters can be costly to maintain compared to their electric counterparts. From routine inspections to occasional repairs, these expenses can add up over time. It’s like having a friend who constantly needs attention and keeps dipping into your wallet! So, if you’re someone who prefers low maintenance relationships (or appliances), you might want to think twice before jumping into a gas water heater commitment.
Carbon Monoxide Woes
One of the main concerns with gas water heaters is the potential release of carbon monoxide gas. It’s like having a stinky guest over who leaves a bad impression long after they’re gone. Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that can be harmful, even fatal, if leaked into your home without proper ventilation. So, unless you’re a fan of playing Russian roulette with your health, ensuring proper ventilation is a must with gas water heaters.
Limited Placement Options
Unlike electric water heaters, which can be installed nearly anywhere, gas water heaters have more location restrictions. They need to be placed near a gas line, which can limit your options for installation. It’s like being forced to choose your new house based on where the gas lines are located—talk about being tied down! So, if you prefer the freedom to create your ideal home layout without those pesky restrictions, gas water heaters might not be your cup of tea.
Dependency on a Finite Resource
Gas water heaters rely on natural gas as their fuel source, which is a fossil fuel that is not infinite. It’s like relying on a fast-selling limited-edition product that eventually runs out of stock. With concerns about climate change and the need for sustainable energy sources, relying on a non-renewable resource might be viewed as less eco-friendly in the long run. So, if you’re an advocate for Mother Earth and believe in reducing your carbon footprint, you might opt for an electric water heater instead.
Higher Energy Costs
Gas water heaters can also lead to higher energy costs compared to electric models. It’s like that one friend who always racks up the bill when you go out to eat. Gas prices can fluctuate, and if they rise, so do your expenses. Additionally, gas water heaters often have a lower energy efficiency rating, meaning they convert less energy into hot water compared to electric models. So, if you’re frugal and prefer to keep your bank account happy, an electric water heater might be a better fit for you.
In conclusion, while gas water heaters have their advantages, such as faster heating and lower upfront costs, they also come with their fair share of disadvantages. From high maintenance costs to limited placement options and potential carbon monoxide dangers, these drawbacks might have you considering an electric water heater instead. Plus, with increasing concerns about climate change and rising energy costs, electric models offer a more eco-friendly and cost-efficient solution. So, before diving headfirst into the world of gas water heaters, make sure to weigh the pros and cons to find the best fit for your needs and preferences.
Electric Water Heater: Good for Your Health
When it comes to discussing the pros and cons of electric water heaters, one question that often pops up is whether they are good for your health. Well, grab a seat and get ready to dive into this electrifying topic because we’re about to uncover the truth!
The Shocking Reality of Electric Water Heaters
While electric water heaters undoubtedly have their advantages, health benefits aren’t exactly their strongest suit. Here’s why:
1. Dry Skin? No Thanks!
Using an electric water heater can be a real shocker for your skin. Unlike traditional water heaters that keep the water tank hot at all times, electric ones only heat the water as you need it. This might sound energy-efficient, but it can leave your skin feeling as dry as the Sahara Desert. So, if you enjoy having a lizard-like appearance, then electric water heaters might just be your cup of tea.
2. Say Goodbye to That Spa-Like Experience
Have you ever stepped into a warm, soothing shower and felt like you were transported to a luxurious spa? Well, with an electric water heater, you can bid farewell to those relaxing experiences. These heaters usually take longer to heat up the water than their gas-powered counterparts, leaving you standing there like a shivering penguin, waiting for the warmth to arrive.
3. An Electric Buzz That’s Not So Pleasant
Electric water heaters are notorious for their ability to give you a literal shock if not installed properly. Now, I know what you’re thinking – who doesn’t enjoy a heart-stopping surprise while they shower? But believe me, the combination of water and electricity is not the kind of excitement you want early in the morning. So, if hair-raising adventures aren’t your thing, it might be best to consider other options.
4. $$$ Bills that Will Make You Lose Your Spark
Let’s face it, electricity doesn’t come cheap. With an electric water heater, you can expect your energy bills to skyrocket faster than fireworks on New Year’s Eve. So, if you’re feeling rather electric, both with your choice of water heater and your bank account, then by all means, go ahead. But if you’d rather keep your money for more electrifying endeavors, it might be time to think twice.
While electric water heaters have their conveniences, they might not be the best choice when it comes to your health. From dry skin to shocking encounters and hefty bills, these appliances come with their fair share of downsides. So, before you dive headfirst into the electrifying world of electric water heaters, take a moment to consider all the shocks that might await you.
Disadvantages of Solar Hot Water Heaters
Lower Efficiency and Limited Sunlight
Solar hot water heaters, while eco-friendly and cost-effective, have their fair share of disadvantages. One major setback is their lower efficiency compared to electric water heaters. Although they harness the power of the sun to heat the water, their performance is heavily dependent on sunlight availability. During cloudy or rainy days, the solar panels may not receive enough sunlight, resulting in a decrease in heating capacity. So, if you live in an area that experiences frequent bad weather, you might find yourself with lukewarm showers more often than not.
Initial Cost and Installation
Another drawback of solar hot water heaters is their initial cost and installation process. While they can save you money in the long run, the upfront investment required can be substantial. From purchasing and installing the solar panels to integrating them with your existing water system, the initial expenses can put a dent in your wallet. Additionally, installation can be a bit of a hassle, as it often involves structural adjustments to ensure optimal positioning of the solar panels for maximum sunlight absorption.
Space Requirements and Aesthetics
In terms of aesthetics and space requirements, solar hot water heaters may not be the most visually appealing option. The large solar panels needed for efficient water heating can take up quite a bit of space on your roof or property. For those living in compact urban areas or with limited roof space, this can be a significant deterrent. Moreover, some people may find the appearance of the solar panels unattractive or out of sync with the overall architectural style of their home. So, if maintaining a certain aesthetic appeal is crucial to you, solar hot water heaters might not be the ideal choice.
Maintenance and Repair Costs
Although solar hot water heaters require relatively less maintenance than their electric counterparts, they still entail ongoing costs. Regular cleaning of the solar panels is necessary to ensure maximum efficiency. Additionally, if any part of the system malfunctions or if you encounter a leak, repair costs can be quite expensive. It’s important to factor in the potential maintenance and repair costs when considering the overall expenses of using solar hot water heaters.
Weather Variability and Seasonal Challenges
Lastly, weather variability and seasonal changes can pose challenges to the performance of solar hot water heaters. In regions with extreme temperatures, such as cold winters or scorching summers, the system may struggle to maintain desired water temperatures. In colder climates, the risk of freezing pipes or components can lead to system damage. Similarly, during extended rainy seasons or reduced sunlight hours in winter, the heating capacity may be significantly reduced, leading to inadequate hot water supply.
While solar hot water heaters have numerous advantages, it’s essential to consider these drawbacks to make an informed decision about whether they are the right choice for your specific needs and circumstances.
Gas vs Electric Water Heater Monthly Cost
Introduction
When it comes to choosing a water heater, one crucial consideration is the monthly cost of operation. This can play a significant role in determining which type of water heater is the most cost-effective option for your household. In this section, we will compare the monthly costs of gas and electric water heaters, shedding some light on which one might be more budget-friendly in the long run.
Gas Water Heater: “Burning Through Your Wallet?”
If you thought gas water heaters were the obvious choice for wallet-friendly efficiency, think again! While gas prices may seem more appealing, don’t forget to factor in the cost of burning through your pockets with regular maintenance, venting requirements, and, of course, the stench of natural gas that comes with it. So, despite the relatively lower monthly gas costs, gas water heaters can still leave a dent in your budget.
Electric Water Heater: “Shockingly Affordable!”
Did you hear that? That was the sound of an electric water heater zapping away your worries about high monthly costs. Sure, electricity rates may be higher compared to gas prices, but electric water heaters offer significant advantages. Firstly, maintenance costs are substantially lower, as you won’t need to worry about gas leaks or venting requirements. Secondly, no more nightmares about pilot lights going out! Finally, you can enjoy peace of mind while savoring those cozy warm showers, without the lingering aroma of gas.
Factoring in Energy Efficiency
Now, let’s talk about energy efficiency! Electric water heaters ace this game, with most units boasting an energy efficiency rating of 95% or higher. On the flip side, gas water heaters typically range from 50-80% efficiency. Simply put, electric water heaters convert more energy into heat, ensuring that every dollar you spend on electricity keeps you comfortably warm. So, not only are electric water heaters kinder to your budget, but they are also more environmentally friendly – a win-win scenario!
The Verdict: Electric Water Heaters for the Win
When it comes to monthly costs, electric water heaters take the gold. Despite higher electricity rates, they make up for it by offering low maintenance costs, improved safety, and higher energy efficiency. Plus, who can resist the allure of a gas-free, odorless and worry-free hot water experience all year round? So, if you want to save your hard-earned cash while keeping your showers toasty and worry-free, an electric water heater is undoubtedly the way to go.
In the battle of monthly costs, electric water heaters emerge as the clear winner. With their lower maintenance needs, improved safety, and impressive energy efficiency, these heaters prove that sometimes the obvious choice isn’t always the best one. So, say goodbye to gas leaks, pilot light trouble, and the lingering gas odor. Embrace the shockingly affordable, worry-free world of electric water heaters and enjoy a budget-friendly, cozy hot water experience.
Which is Safer: Gas or Electric Water Heater
When it comes to choosing between a gas or electric water heater, safety is a top concern. After all, no one wants to be caught in a dangerous situation while trying to keep their showers hot. So let’s take a closer look at which option is safer.
Gas Water Heater: A Fire Hazard Waiting to Happen
Gas water heaters are notorious for their potential fire hazards. With gas lines running into the unit, there’s always a risk of gas leaks or faulty connections. One wrong move and you could have a real-life fire-breathing dragon in your basement. And we’re not talking about a cute, mythical creature here. We’re talking about a genuine disaster that could destroy your home faster than you can say “hot water emergency.”
But fear not, brave homeowner, for gas water heaters come equipped with safety features like flame arrestors, thermostats, and even sensors that shut down the gas supply if something fishy is detected (and no, we’re not talking about a seafood dinner gone bad). So while gas water heaters can be hazardous, with the right precautions, they can be tamed.
Electric Water Heater: Safe and Shockingly Simple!
Now let’s turn our attention to electric water heaters. Unlike their fiery counterparts, electric water heaters don’t rely on combustible gases to get the job done. Instead, they use good old-fashioned electricity. And unless you’ve been tinkering with your home’s electrical system in the dark, there’s little chance of an electric water heater sparking any fireworks.
One might think that with all that electricity flowing through the unit, there would be a greater risk of electrocution. But fear not, my friend, for electric water heaters are as safe as a fluffy kitten, thanks to their built-in safety mechanisms. From temperature control systems to pressure relief valves, these technological wonders have got your back, ensuring you can enjoy your hot shower without any shocking surprises.
In Conclusion: Safety First
While both gas and electric water heaters have their pros and cons, when it comes to safety, electric water heaters take the cake. With their flame-free operation and robust safety features, they offer peace of mind to homeowners who value their safety and the safety of their beloved abode. So go ahead and embrace the electric revolution! Your showers will be safer, and you might even save a few pennies on your electricity bill. Stay safe and stay hot, my friends!
And there you have it, folks! We’ve tackled the burning question of whether gas or electric water heaters are safer. Next up, we’ll dive into more disadvantages of electric water heaters. So stay tuned, and don’t let your hot water dreams go down the drain!
How Long Do Electric Water Heaters Last
Are you wondering how long electric water heaters typically last? Well, grab a cup of tea (or coffee, if you prefer) and let’s dive into this hot topic!
The Average Lifespan
Like any other appliance, electric water heaters have an expiration date. On average, these trusty devices can last you around 10 to 15 years. That’s a lot of hot showers and sudsy dishwashing sessions!
Factors That Affect Longevity
Of course, the actual lifespan of your electric water heater can vary depending on several factors. Let’s take a look at some of the key players that may influence its longevity:
Quality of the Appliance
Just like with a good book or a pair of shoes, quality matters! Investing in a top-notch electric water heater from a reputable brand can often lead to a longer lifespan. It’s worth splurging a bit for a reliable companion to keep you and your loved ones comfortably warm.
Maintenance and Care
Keep that water heater happy by giving it some TLC! Regular maintenance, such as flushing the tank and checking the pressure relief valve, can help extend its lifespan. Remember, a little love goes a long way.
Water Quality
The quality of the water in your area can have a significant impact on your electric water heater’s lifespan. If your water is loaded with minerals and sediment, it can cause corrosion and buildup, leading to premature wear and tear. Consider installing a water softener if you live in a hard water region.
Signs it’s Time to Say Goodbye
Just like how a cat gives you a disdainful look when they’re done with you, your electric water heater may show some signs when it’s time to bid farewell. Here are a few indicators that it’s time for an upgrade:
Inefficiency
If you find yourself yelling, “Come on, water! Heat up already!” then your trusty heater may not be performing as well as it used to. An increase in your energy bills can also be a sign that your old appliance is struggling to keep up.
Age
As the years tick by, your electric water heater becomes more prone to issues. If you’re reaching the 10-15 year mark, it might be a smart move to start researching new models and preparing for a replacement.
While electric water heaters may not last forever, they can certainly provide you with years of soothing warm showers and clean dishes. By taking care of your appliance and being aware of any warning signs of decline, you can maximize its lifespan and bask in its comforting vapor for as long as possible. Cheers to hot water and toasty toes!
Gas or Electric Water Heaters: Debunking the Efficiency Myth
The Battle Begins: Gas vs. Electric
When it comes to choosing a water heater, the age-old debate between gas and electric rages on. Many homeowners find themselves stumped, wondering which option is truly more efficient. Well, fear not, we’re here to shed some light on this hot topic! (Pun intended.)
Gas Water Heaters: Fueling Efficiency
Gas water heaters boast impressive efficiency ratings, often touted as a top selling point. But don’t be fooled by these claims, my friend. While gas heaters may heat water faster, they also lose heat more rapidly through their vents, causing significant energy wastage. So, unless you’re running a personal spa or constantly in need of boiling water for impromptu tea parties, the higher efficiency may not be as appealing as it seems.
Electric Water Heaters: Flowing with Efficiency
Now, let’s talk about electric water heaters. While they may not have the stellar efficiency ratings of their gas counterparts, they have their own set of benefits. Firstly, electric heaters don’t rely on venting systems, ensuring that no precious heat escapes. This means your utility bills won’t skyrocket, leaving you with more cash to splurge on your latest knitting obsession or collection of novelty socks. Additionally, electric heaters are often more compact and easier to install, making them a great option for cozy homes or minimalist enthusiasts.
The Verdict: Efficiency Explored
So, after this exhilarating showdown, which type of water heater reigns supreme in terms of efficiency? Well, my friend, it ultimately depends on your specific needs and lifestyle. If speed is your primary concern, a gas water heater may be the way to go—as long as you don’t mind a sneaky heat thief lurking in your vents. On the other hand, if you value long-term energy savings and prefer to keep cozy heat where it belongs, an electric water heater might just be your new best friend.
Efficiency Hacks: Tips to Save Energy
Regardless of whether you choose gas or electric, there are some nifty tricks that can maximize your water heater’s efficiency. For starters, consider insulating your water heater and pipes to minimize heat loss. You can also lower the temperature setting slightly to reduce energy consumption without compromising your morning shower sessions. Finally, keep an eye on any leaky faucets, as even small drips can waste gallons of water and energy over time. So, let’s raise a glass—or rather, a hot cup of cocoa—to an efficient and eco-friendly future!
Conclusion: Efficiency Unleashed
In the never-ending battle between gas and electric water heaters, the question of efficiency remains a perplexing one. Gas may offer a quick heat fix, but it comes at the cost of energy wastage. Electric, while not as speedy, provides a more energy-efficient and compact alternative. Ultimately, the choice boils down to your personal lifestyle and priorities. So, weigh the pros and cons, grab your cuppa, and make the decision that best suits your needs. Cheers to efficiency done right!
Is it Worth Switching to an Electric Water Heater
Electric water heaters may have their advantages, but is the switch really worth it? Let’s dive into the topic and explore the pros and cons to help you make an informed decision.
The Cost Factor
When it comes to cost, electric water heaters are generally cheaper upfront compared to their counterparts. This can be tempting for those on a tight budget or looking for a quick fix. However, it’s vital to consider the long-term expenses.
Expensive Energy Bills
One major downside of electric water heaters is their energy consumption. They tend to require more electricity to heat water, which can result in higher monthly energy bills. Ah, the joys of watching your hard-earned money slip away, straight into the energy provider’s pocket!
Hidden Costs
Another hidden cost to consider is the installation. Electric water heaters may require rewiring or upgrading your electrical system. Unless you’re a certified electrician, you’ll likely have to hire someone to get the job done. Cha-ching! More money out of your pocket.
Efficiency Woes
Electric water heaters are notorious for their slower heating times. So, if you’re the kind of person who loves long, hot showers, you might find yourself twiddling your thumbs, waiting for the water to warm up. Patience is a virtue, but let’s be real – who has time for that?
Environmental Implications
We all want to do our part to save the planet, right? Well, electric water heaters might not be your best eco-friendly option. Unlike their gas-powered counterparts, they indirectly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions through the electricity they consume. Sorry, Mother Earth!
While electric water heaters have their advantages, it’s important to weigh them against the drawbacks. The cost of higher energy bills, potential installation expenses, slower heating times, and environmental implications may leave you wondering if the switch is truly worth it. Ultimately, the decision is yours to make based on your specific needs and requirements. Just remember, no matter what you choose, embrace the warmth of your showers and savor those cozy moments!
Do Electric Water Heaters Consume a Lot of Electricity
When it comes to electric water heaters, you might be wondering if they guzzle up electricity like a thirsty camel in the desert. Well, fear not, my friend! Let’s dive into the world of electric water heaters and find out just how much electricity they really consume.
Does Your Electric Water Heater Have an Appetite for Energy
Ah, the burning question of whether electric water heaters are insatiable energy eaters. Well, the truth is, they do consume electricity, but it’s not as voracious as you might think. Electric water heaters are designed to be energy-efficient, meaning they heat your water using electricity as efficiently as possible.
The Power of Proper Insulation
One key factor that affects the energy consumption of an electric water heater is its insulation. If your water heater is well-insulated, it will retain heat and prevent unnecessary energy loss. On the other hand, an inadequately insulated heater will let heat escape, causing it to work harder and consume more electricity to maintain the desired temperature.
Standby Mode: The Hidden Culprit
Ah, the sneaky standby mode! Electric water heaters have a standby mode that keeps the water warm when you’re not using it. While this feature is convenient, it does use a small amount of electricity. It’s like having a mini-energy vampire lurking in your basement, sipping on power when you least expect it. However, fret not, as the electricity consumed in standby mode is relatively minimal compared to the actual heating process.
Size Matters: The Bigger, the Hungrier
You might think that bigger electric water heaters consume more electricity, but that’s not necessarily the case. The size of your water heater should be proportional to your household’s hot water needs. If you have a large family, a larger water heater might be necessary to meet the demand. However, a properly sized electric water heater will function just as efficiently as a smaller one, without unnecessarily racking up your electricity bill.
Efficiency: The Superpower of Electric Water Heaters
One advantage of electric water heaters is their ability to convert nearly all the electricity they consume into heat. Unlike gas water heaters, which lose some heat through exhaust gases, electric heaters are super efficient. So, while electric water heaters do use electricity, they make the most of it to heat your water effectively.
In summary, electric water heaters are not energy monsters that will gobble up your electricity. With proper insulation, mindful sizing, and efficiency, they can keep your water warm without draining your wallet. So, the next time you take a hot shower, you can relax knowing that your electric water heater is doing its job without going overboard on electricity consumption.
